The correct preparation of financial statements requires the use of rules and assumptions including the accrual principle that allows the correlation of costs and revenues related to a particular tax year. In order to prevent alteration of the budget uses the technique of accrued and deferred charge correctly in the current and subsequent years, the relevant components of cost or revenue
1. Abstract
The preparation of financial statements requires compliance with the rules of the Civil Code and the related budgetary assumptions, plus analysis of all the components of cost and revenue resulting from the management company, whose economic or financial event has not run out in the tax period, but will affect in subsequent years.
Therefore, in order to correlate properly what are the costs to revenues for the period of time, involving the use of accrued and deferred assets and liabilities.
The accrued costs are shares or proceeds attributable to a number of years, in part already completed in the current year, which numerary event will happen in subsequent years.
Accrued income represents income earned shares in proportion to the time already spent in the tax period, and accrued expenses, accrued expenses represent shares in proportion to the time already spent.
The relevant accounting standard for Accruals is the OIC 18 che definisce i ratei attivi e passivi come quote di crediti e debiti in moneta.
I risconti sono classificabili come quote di costi o di proventi già sostenuti o conseguiti nell’esercizio in chiusura, ma la cui competenza è parte dell’esercizio in corso e parte di quelli successivi.
I risconti attivi rappresentano le quote di costi da sospendere nell’esercizio in proporzione alla partecipazione che essi hanno avuto nel periodo di imposta; i risconti passivi rappresentano quote di ricavi non del tutto di competenza dell’esercizio ma da rinviare al futuro.
La rilevazione a bilancio dei ratei attivi e passivi, rappresenta una tipica scrittura di integrazione da redigere alla fine dell’esercizio part of the records of settlement in order to transform those values \u200b\u200binto account in the budget.
detection of deferred assets and liabilities takes place within the scriptures of reply, also to be drawn at the end of tax year.
In dealing with accruals and prepayments, it is crucial to emphasize the principle of accrual, which besides being a cardinal principle for the drafting of the budget itself is invoked when you refer to art. 2423-a, n. 3 of the Civil Code.
The principle of accrual puts his home on the concept of correlation between the costs used in the production process and flows revenues deriving from the same production run, paying attention to the time factor.
In essence, the "time" considered for the determination of the rate and / or deferred to be included on an accruals basis is essentially physico-time (so-called policy of "physical time").
In general, the author of the budget must carefully assess the occurrence of costs and revenues in a given period of time, referring to the future are not those of the year. Accounting for
Article. 2424 cc ("They can not enroll accruals for invoices to be issued and to be received or for income and expenses not yet determined to the amount, and whose competence is acquired in whole year) provides that in the balance sheet specifying the accruals and prepayments, with separate disclosure of the discount loan (D), while in the balance sheet are indicated Accruals and deferred income, with separate disclosure dell'aggio loans (E).
Article. 2427 of the Civil Code requires you to indicate in the notes to the criteria applied in the assessment, valuation adjustments, conversion of values not originally expressed in Euro, and to indicate the changes in the consistency of the items. With specific reference in paragraph 7 of that article, must show the composition items accrued expenses and deferred charges and accruals and deferred income when their amount is appreciated.
set out below four examples concerning the Accruals distinguishing the asset and liability accruals and deferred asset and liability.
Examples of cases are made entirely extensible to other voices, what they wanted instead to emphasize is the concept underlying the application of the rule, in relation to the concept shown on the criterion of physical time.
In the opinion of this writer, especially in the financial year end, particular emphasis should be given to the users, especially when the core business activity is carried out using eccessivo di telefonia, acqua, luce, gas, dove parte della fatturazione avviene a cavallo di due periodi di imposta.
Esempio 1: ratei attivi
Supponiamo che la Gamma S.p.A., detenga titoli di Stato per un valore nominale di euro 20.000. Data di godimento semestrale dall'1/4 all'1/10. Tasso applicato pari al 7%.
Procediamo al calcolo del rateo attivo:
20.000 * 0,07 * 0,25 = 350
Esempio 2: ratei passivi
Supponiamo che la Gamma S.p.A. abbia stipulato un contratto di locazione per una cassetta di sicurezza con data di decorrenza 1/7/t0. Corrispettivo di euro 1.000 pagati posticipatamente in data 1/7/t1.
Procediamo al calcolo of accrued liabilities:
1000/12 = 500 * 6
Example 3: Suppose that prepaid
Gamma SpA pay an annual insurance premium equal to € 30,000, on 30/06/t0. So the expiry of the insurance premium will be on 30/06/t1.
calculate the prepaid expenses:
30,000 / 12 * 6 = 15,000
Example 4: Suppose that deferred
Gamma SpA has leased a building on 30/06/t0. The rent amounts to € 20,000 annually, payable in four quarterly installments in advance of € 5,000.
5000 / 3 * 6 = 10,000
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